University of Minnesota & Partners

Where
language
meets mind.

TextGroup is an interdisciplinary reading group at the intersection of psycholinguistics, cognitive science, NLP, and educational psychology. We meet regularly to share and discuss work in progress.

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Research areas

Psycholinguistics NLP LLMs Text Comprehension Cognitive Psychology Educational Psychology Discourse Processing Misinformation Eye Tracking
37+
Sessions held
12+
Institutions
01

Members

Leading Organizers

Student Lead Varun Athilat

Varun Athilat

University of Minnesota – Twin Cities

Although people perceive text as being inherently less emotional than speech, text language still affects our emotions — and how we feel shapes how we read.

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Faculty Lead Andreas Schramm

Andreas Schramm

Hamline University – Professor Emeritus

Researches the cognitive processing and acquisition of time in language — the system of linguistic expressions for meanings articulating the probability of events.

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Members

Andrew Elfenbein

Andrew Elfenbein

UMN Dept. of English

Bridging empirical psychology and the humanities, especially in relation to reading and learning.

Dongyeop Kang

Dongyeop Kang

University of Minnesota

Natural Language Processing, combining language and cognition. Builds human-centric NLP systems through cognitively-aligned models and interactive AI.

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Sashank Varma

Sashank Varma

Georgia Tech – School of Interactive Computing

Investigates the alignment between how humans and Large Language Models understand language and, more generally, perform cognitive tasks.

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Evelyn Milburn

Evelyn Milburn

North Dakota State University

Investigates how we use knowledge beyond words to flexibly comprehend real-life language use — figurative language, language learning, and cognitive aging.

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Püren Öncel

Püren Öncel

University of Valencia

Examines how individuals differ in their phenomenological experiences during reading, especially how language relates to visual imagery and inner-speech.

Scholar →
Amanda Jensen

Amanda Jensen

University of Minnesota

Adolescent reading comprehension and text readability.

YooJeong Son

YooJeong Son

University of Minnesota

Literacy and instruction, including print and online reading comprehension and learners' interactions with AI.

Google Scholar →
Michael C. Mensink

Michael C. Mensink

University of Wisconsin-Stout

Reader misconceptions and inaccurate scientific information, effects of seductive details on cognitive and emotional processes.

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View full member profiles →

02

Affiliated Labs

Reading & Learning Lab

PI Pani Kendeou · University of Minnesota, Department of Educational Psychology

Coordinator Ali Fulsher · fulsh003@umn.edu

Lab website →

Language of Learning (LOL) Lab

PI Laura Allen · University of Minnesota, Department of Educational Psychology

Coordinators Varun Athilat (athil003@umn.edu) · Miranda Moe (moe00213@umn.edu)

Natural Language Processing Lab

PI Dongyeop Kang · University of Minnesota, Department of Computer Science

Contact Zae Kim

Lab website →

Affect, Cognition, & Computation Lab

PI Caitlin Mills

Contact Varun Athilat · athil003@umn.edu

03

History

SPRING 2013

The Replication Crisis of ’13

In Spring 2013, TextGroup took a holiday from Text and Discourse to see the revolution firsthand. We spent the semester immersed in the Replication Crisis — not as voyeurs but as journalists intent on discovering if, under all of the bluster and righteousness of the revolutionaries, there was something important there.

On Christmas Eve 2012, Sashank Varma emailed the group proposing a radical new model: instead of reading papers about text comprehension, they would spend a semester exploring the crisis of confidence in psychological science. The proposed syllabus spanned 15 topics — from false positives and the decline effect to outright fraud and proposed solutions.

“I think it would be a lot of fun to read some of these articles next semester. We could meet every week or two over lunch/coffee or over dinner/drinks and chat about the flawed science of our peers. (Those charlatans!)”
— Sashank Varma, December 23, 2012

It was a grand experiment. The group met weekly in a spare room in Elliott Hall. The question of “What constitutes good science?” attracted attention well beyond the usual circle. Chad Marsolek brought strong ideas every week. Brooke Lea drew on his experience as a statistics textbook author. Katrina Schleisman, a philosophically inclined PhD student, was an active participant. People from other departments who had never before attended TextGroup came to join the conversation.

A highlight was when Mija Van Der Wege invited her colleague Julie Neiworth to attend. Julie did comparative work with monkeys and was part of a network of researchers tasked with replicating Marc Hauser’s experiments to see which held up and which were fabricated. For one glorious day, monkeys reigned in TextGroup!

FALL 2014

SidFest

In Fall 2014, Sid Horton decamped from Chicago (Northwestern) to spend his sabbatical in Minneapolis. His presence was felt in many ways, and at the end of the semester, TextGroup decided to hold a one-day event to honor his time among them.

Officially advertised as the “1st Annual Minnesota Meeting on Text and Discourse Comprehension,” it was really “SidFest.” Faculty gave 30-minute talks — long enough to develop an idea in depth. The venue was the large and beautiful Room 325 in the Education Sciences Building; breakfast was pastries and coffee; and lunch was a group walk to Dinkytown for Greek food.

Program highlights:
Brooke Lea · Narrative time shifts and reactivation
Panayiota Kendeou · Knowledge revision and source credibility
Andreas Schramm · Lexical aspect in native and non-native speakers
Joseph Magliano · Noticing differences in adapted narratives
Kate Bohn-Gettler · Standards of coherence vs. standards of relevance
Andrew Elfenbein · After reading
Mija Van Der Wege · Closeness-communication bias and group membership
Sid Horton · Metaphor and character intimacy in narrative
Randy Fletcher · Levels of representation and metacomprehension
“Joe Magliano, visiting from Northern Illinois University, could…not…believe…the intellectual excitement and camaraderie of TextGroup! My lasting memory will be of him smiling and shaking his head that such an event could happen.”
SPRING 2018

AndyFest

In early 2018, Andrew Elfenbein published The Gist of Reading, a book dedicated to TextGroup. To celebrate, the group secretly organized a one-day event in his honor — disguised as “SidFest 2.0: Electric Boogaloo.”

Acknowledgments from The Gist of Reading, dedicating the book to TextGroup members

The ruse worked — Andy never suspected a thing. He was likely thrown off the scent by the meme-based advertising campaign:

Meme collage advertising SidFest 2.0 to disguise AndyFest

Officially the “2nd Annual Minnesota Meeting on Text and Discourse Comprehension,” the schedule featured talks connecting to Andy’s interests — from rhymes as memory cues in poetry to text comprehension from first principles.

Program highlights:
Brooke Lea, Andrew Elfenbein, David Rapp & Chelsea Voskuilen · Rhymes as memory cues in poetry
Andreas Schramm, Verena Haser, Michael Mensink & Jonas Reifenrath · Cognitive processing of time in language
Catherine Bohn-Gettler · Process vs. product instructions for science texts
Mija Van Der Wege · Marking irony in text-based communications
Panayiota Kendeou · The assessment of reading comprehension
Sashank Varma · Text comprehension from first principles
Andrew Elfenbein · Poetry as speech act

During the Welcome, the group revealed to Andy the real reason for the meeting:

Andy Elfenbein reacting to the AndyFest surprise reveal

Paul van den Broek joined via Skype and told the story of founding TextGroup with Randy Fletcher — and how Andy had found Paul’s class and then TextGroup as his own research turned in that direction.

04

Publications

Selected papers by TextGroup members that align with our shared interests in language, cognition, and text processing. Highlighted authors are current TextGroup members.

2026

Mary, the Cheeseburger-Eating Vegetarian: Do LLMs Recognize Incoherence in Narratives?

Karin de Langis, Püren Öncel, Ryan Peters, Andrew Elfenbein, Laura Kristen Allen, Andreas Schramm, Dongyeop Kang

EACL 2026 (Oral)

Strong Memory, Weak Control: An Empirical Study of Executive Functioning in LLMs

Karin de Langis, Jong Inn Park, Bin Hu, Khanh Chi Le, Andreas Schramm, Michael C. Mensink, Andrew Elfenbein, Dongyeop Kang

EACL 2026 (Oral)

Tracing How Annotators Think: Augmenting Preference Judgments with Reading Processes

Karin de Langis, William Walker, Khanh Chi Le, Dongyeop Kang

LREC 2026

Native Speakers Kick Buckets but Learners Kick Doors: A Comparison of Native and Non-Native Idiom Comprehension

Milburn, E., Vulchanova, M., Saltzman, D., Magnuson, J., & Vulchanov, V.

Memory & Cognition, 2026

When Visuals Aren't the Problem: Evaluating Vision-Language Models on Misleading Data Visualizations

Lalai, H. N., Shah, R. S., Pfister, H., Varma, S., & Guo, G.

arXiv, 2026 Link

2025

How LLMs Comprehend Temporal Meaning in Narratives: A Case Study in Cognitive Evaluation of LLMs

Karin de Langis, Jong Inn Park, Andreas Schramm, Bin Hu, Khanh Chi Le, Dongyeop Kang

ACL 2025

Modeling Understanding of Story-Based Analogies Using Large Language Models

Kabra, K., Inani, K., Marupudi, V., & Varma, S.

Proceedings of the 47th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society Link

Investigating the Impact of Linguistic Features of Text on Readers' Phenomenological Experiences

Öncel, P., Smith, S. L., Allen, L. K., & Mills, C.

Technology, Mind, and Behavior, 6(1), 84–101 DOI

Confidence and Knowledge Calibrations After Reading an Introductory Text on a Complex Topic

Withall, M. M., Mensink, M. C., & Rapp, D. N.

Discourse Processes, 62(4), 226–256 DOI

2024

Incremental Comprehension of Garden-Path Sentences by Large Language Models

Li, A., Cai, T., Feng, X., Narang, S., Peng, A., Shah, R. S., & Varma, S.

Proceedings of the 46th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society Link

Development of Cognitive Intelligence in Pre-Trained Language Models

Shah, R. S., Bhardwaj, K., & Varma, S.

EMNLP 2024 DOI

Recruitment of Magnitude Representations to Understand Graded Words

Varma, S., Sanford, E. M., Shaffer, O., Marupudi, V., & Lea, R. B.

Cognitive Psychology, 153 DOI

Exploring the Affordances of Text and Picture Stories

Öncel, P., Hu, S., Ness-Maddox, H., Allen, L. K., & Magliano, J.

Discourse Processes, 61(4–5), 203–221 DOI

2023

A Comparative Study on Textual Saliency of Styles from Eye Tracking, Annotations, and Language Models

Karin de Langis, Dongyeop Kang

CoNLL 2023

In the Native Speaker's Eye: Online Processing of Anomalous Learner Syntax

Søby, K. F., Milburn, E., Kristensen, L. B., Vulchanova, M., & Vulchanov, V.

Applied Psycholinguistics, 1–28

2022

Implicit Textually Enhanced Processing of Aspectual Meanings in English Learners with German as a First Language

Schramm, A., Haser, V., Mensink, M. C., Reifenrath, J., & Kassemi, P.

Discourse Processes, 59(7), 520–552

Emotional Responses to Seductive Scientific Texts During Online and Offline Reading Tasks

Mensink, M. C.

Discourse Processes, 59(1–2), 76–93 DOI

Seeing Through the Character's Eyes: Examining Phenomenological Experiences of Perspective-Taking During Reading

Öncel, P., Creer, S. D., & Allen, L. K.

Discourse Processes, 59(5–6), 462–480 DOI

2021

Rhyme as Resonance in Poetry Comprehension: An Expert-Novice Study

Lea, B., Elfenbein, A., & Rapp, D.

Memory & Cognition, 49(7), 1285–1299

Do Different Kinds of Introductions Influence Comprehension and Memory for Scientific Explanations?

Mensink, M. C., Kendeou, P., & Rapp, D. N.

Discourse Processes, 58(5–6), 491–512

2020

Mental Representation

Elfenbein, A.

In Further Reading, ed. Leah Price & Matthew Rubery, Oxford UP, pp. 246–256

2019

How Feelings Matter for Reading

Elfenbein, A., & Bohn-Gettler, C. M.

In TXT: The Art of Reading, Leiden: Academic Press, pp. 97–117

Idioms Show Effects of Meaning Relatedness and Dominance Similar to Those Seen for Ambiguous Words

Milburn, E., & Warren, T.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(2), 591–598

2018

The Gist of Reading

Elfenbein, A.

Stanford University Press (Book)

2017

It Is Time to Tackle Aspect! Some Insights to Help Clear Up the Tense/Aspect Mystery

Schramm, A.

MinneTESOL Journal, 33(Fall)

2016

Text Structure and the Online Processing of Expository Prose

van den Broek, P., Carlson, S., Kendeou, P., Bohn-Gettler, C., & Elfenbein, A.

Reader, 61, 81–108

The Desirable Difficulties of Studying Romanticism

Elfenbein, A.

Pedagogy, 16(3), 445–479

Processing of Aspectual Meanings by Non-Native and Native English Speakers During Narrative Comprehension

Schramm, A., & Mensink, M. C.

In New Approaches in English Linguistics: Building Bridges, pp. 251–280, John Benjamins

2015

Comprehending the Impossible: What Role Do Selectional Restriction Violations Play?

Warren, T., Milburn, E., Patson, N. D., & Dickey, M. W.

Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 30(8), 932–939

2012

Prereading Questions and Online Text Processing

Lewis, M. R., & Mensink, M. C.

Discourse Processes, 49(5), 367–390 DOI

2008

Sweet Silent Thought: Alliteration and Resonance in Poetry Comprehension

Lea, B., Rapp, D., Elfenbein, A., Mitchel, A., & Romine, R. S.

Psychological Science, 19(7), 709–716

05

Sessions

May 7, 2026
TBD
Mija Van Der Wege
Carleton College
Upcoming
Apr 23, 2026
TBD
Andrea Luangrath
University of Iowa
Upcoming
Apr 9, 2026
Learning and Emotional Effects of Seductive Scientific Refutation Texts
Mike Mensink
University of Wisconsin
Mar 26, 2026
Dissertation Work Regarding the Continued Influence Effect
Mandy Withall
Northwestern University
Feb 26, 2026
Prospectus Plan
Ali Fulsher
University of Minnesota
Jan 29, 2026
Understanding Typographical/Paralingual Cues in Online Discourse
Varun Athilat
University of Minnesota
Dec 3, 2025
Emotional Intensity and Vague Frequency Expressions
Sid Horton
Northwestern University
Nov 5, 2025
On AI and Cognitive Outcomes
Varun Athilat
University of Minnesota
Oct 8, 2025
Cognition and Comprehension in Language Models
Karin de Langis
University of Minnesota
Sep 24, 2025
Introduction and Broad Research Discussion
Varun Athilat
University of Minnesota
Apr 24, 2025
Keystroke Logging in Psycholinguistics Research
Lake Chau
University of Minnesota
Apr 10, 2025
Modeling Metacognition with NLP
Miranda Moe
University of Minnesota
Mar 27, 2025
Language Bias and Equity in LLMs
Jaclyn Ocumpaugh
University of Houston
Feb 27, 2025
Trust in Science Research
Victoria Johnson
University of Minnesota
Dec 10, 2024
Initial CogBench Results
Andreas Schramm
Hamline University
Nov 26, 2024
A Conversation with Andy Zieffler
Andy Zieffler
University of Minnesota
Nov 12, 2024
"Mary is a Vegetarian"
Rina Harsch
University of Minnesota
Oct 29, 2024
Introduction and Broad Research Discussion
Varun Athilat
University of Minnesota
May 10, 2024
Help me update the Author Recognition Test!
Ariel N. James
Macalester College
May 5, 2024
The Effects of Seductive Details on Emotions and Recall for Scientific Misconceptions
Mike Mensink
University of Wisconsin
Apr 26, 2024
Evaluating Quantitative Theories in Sentence Processing
Suhas Arehalli
Macalester College
Apr 12, 2024
Toward scalable eye movement data for NLP applications
Karin de Langis
University of Minnesota
Mar 29, 2024
On the way to boundedness: From givenness to lexical aspectual classes
Andreas Schramm
Hamline University
Mar 21, 2024
The cognitive and developmental alignment of language models
Sashank Varma
Georgia Institute of Technology
Mar 15, 2024
Shallow Synthesis of Knowledge in GPT-Generated Texts: A Case Study in Automatic Related Work Composition
Anna Martin-Boyle
University of Minnesota
Mar 1, 2024
Threads of Subtlety: Detecting Machine-Generated Texts Through Discourse Motifs
Zae Myung Kim
University of Minnesota
Mar 29, 2023
In-text citations: Burden, benefit, or irrelevant for multitext comprehension?
Ali Fulsher
University of Minnesota
Mar 1, 2023
Trustworthiness, Expertise, and Credibility Perceptions of Scientists
Victoria Johnson
University of Minnesota
Apr 26, 2022
Exploring the Influence of Linguistic Forms in Headlines on Click and Share Intentions
Yewon Kang
University of Minnesota
Apr 25, 2022
Text-to-Tree
London Lowmanstone IV
University of Minnesota
Apr 18, 2022
Predicting Narrative Engagement
Kelsey Neis
University of Minnesota
Apr 12, 2022
What is language experience? Perspectives from sentence processing (Part 2 of 2)
Ariel N. James
Macalester College
Apr 11, 2022
Saliency for Text Styles
Karin de Langis
University of Minnesota
Mar 15, 2022
What is language experience? Perspectives from sentence processing (Part 1 of 2)
Ariel N. James
Macalester College
06

Contact & Join

TextGroup welcomes researchers at all career stages whose work touches on language, text, and cognition. Whether you study reading, NLP, psycholinguistics, or learning, there is likely a connection to be made.

To present your work, attend a session, or join our mailing list, reach out to the organizers below. Early-stage and in-progress work is especially encouraged.

Organizers

Varun Athilat
Student lead
athil003@umn.edu
Andreas Schramm
Faculty lead
aschramm@hamline.edu

Homepage inquiries

Dongyeop Kang dongyeop@umn.edu

Details

Schedule Varies by semester
Location University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
Recordings YouTube channel →